BEIRUT (Reuters) - Fierce
fighting to the east of Damascus has killed more than 160 people in the past
two days as Syrian rebels struggle to break a months-long blockade by forces loyal
to President Bashar al-Assad, activists said on Sunday.
It
began on Friday when rebel units attacked a string of military checkpoints
encircling the opposition-held suburbs in an area known as Eastern Ghouta,
which has been under siege for more than six months.
Local
and international aid workers say Assad's forces appeared to be trying to
starve out residents - indiscriminately affecting civilians as much as rebel
fighters.
The
blockade has cut off rebels' weapons supplies and helped turn the tide of
fighting around the capital in Assad's favor.
The
battle has also drawn in hundreds of foreign fighters on both sides,
underlining how Syria's civil war has stirred Sunni-Shi'ite sectarian tensions
across the region.
"It
is a ferocious fight between the two sides because it's a struggle over our
ultimate fate here," said Bara Abdelrahman, a media activist with the
rebel Islam Army brigades in the area.
The
conflict in Syria has killed more than 100,000 people, according to the United
Nations, and is also destabilizing Syria's neighbors.
Foreign
powers are trying to bring the warring sides together for a peace conference in
Switzerland before the end of the year, dubbed 'Geneva 2'. On Sunday, Syria's
peace envoy Lakhdar Brahimi met with members of the opposition to discuss the
talks, which many rebel groups have rejected without a clear guarantee that
Assad will step down.
Assad's
government says it welcomes talks but will not accept any preconditions.
Meanwhile,
Assad's forces, emboldened by gains in central Syria in recent months, have
been seizing back towns in the rebels' northern stronghold.
REBELS
ADVANCE IN GHOUTA
The
Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said rebels had advanced in Eastern Ghouta
in recent fighting, seizing some small villages and the once government-held
town of Deir Attiya.
Assad's
forces responded with three air raids, it said.
The
mainly Sunni Muslim rebels have drawn support from radical Sunni groups such as
al Qaeda and other foreign militants. Shi'ite governments and militias have
thrown their weight behind Assad, who is from Syria's minority Alawite sect, an
offshoot of Shi'ism.
Rebels
say Lebanon's Shi'ite guerrilla movement Hezbollah has joined the Eastern
Ghouta battle on Assad's side, as has the Abu Fadl al-Abbas Brigade, a militia
that includes Shi'ite fighters from around the Middle East.
The
Britain-based Observatory, a pro-opposition group with a network of activists
across Syria, said it had documented about 100 deaths on the rebel side on
Friday and Saturday in Eastern Ghouta, and more than 60 among forces fighting
for Assad.
But it said
there were likely to be more deaths that had not been documented.
"This
battle has been one of incredible human losses," said Rami Abdelrahman,
head of the Observatory. "The fighting is spreading all over the eastern
suburbs."
There
was no comment on casualty figures from government spokesmen.
The
United States, which backs the opposition, and Russia, Assad's main arms
supplier, have been pushing for peace talks but a major sticking point has been
the role of Shi'ite power Iran, Assad's main ally.
Opposition
forces fear a deal curbing Tehran's nuclear program will lead Washington to
ease pressure on Iran and Assad in Syria.
Brahimi
held separate talks with Iran's foreign minister, Mohammad Javad Zarif, and
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov in Geneva in the past two days but did
not meet U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry as expected.
The
envoy is to host talks in Geneva on Monday between U.S. Under Secretary Wendy
Sherman and Russia's deputy foreign ministers, Mikhail Bogdanov and Gennady
Gatilov
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